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“但愿人长久,千里共婵娟”,许渊冲译得太美了

一年一度的中秋又来了,先祝侃英语的读者们,中秋快乐,阖家团圆。

每逢中秋,我总会想起·明月几时有》,后来经过邓丽君王菲等演唱,更深入人心。

水调歌头·明月几时有

(宋)苏轼

明月几时有?把酒问青天。

不知天上宫阙,今夕是何年?

我欲乘风归去,又恐琼楼玉宇,高处不胜寒。

起舞弄清影,何似在人间?

转朱阁,低绮户,照无眠。

不应有恨,何事长向别时圆?

人有悲欢离合,月有阴晴圆缺,此事古难全。

但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。

我相信只要上过学的中国人都能背诵出几句,特别是最后一段“人有悲欢离合,月有阴晴圆缺,此事古难全。但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。”

写得真是太有诗意了!

说到这里,熟悉侃哥的朋友都知道,接下来要讲翻译了。

今天咱们就选取许渊冲和林语堂的版本,看看名家是如何处理这最后一段的。

这样,讲翻译之前,我们还是先梳理一下最后一段的中文含义:

1.“人有悲欢离合,月有阴晴圆缺,此事古难全。”

人世间的悲,欢,离,合,就像天上的月亮的阴,晴,圆,缺,自古以来都是难以周全圆满的。

2.“但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。”

前半句比较容易理解,就是希望人们能健康平安。

后半句的“婵娟”在古诗文中多形容女子,这里形容月亮,“千里共婵娟”就是即使相隔千里,也能在中秋之夜共赏天上的明月。

下面来看译文,先看许老的:

Men have sorrow and joy; they part or meet again;

The moon is bright or dim and she may wax or wane.

There has been nothing perfect since the olden days.

So let us wish that man will live long as he can!

Though miles apart, we'll share the beauty she displays.

许老的译文最大的特色就是忠实原文,并严格“对仗”,几乎字字对牢,请看:

“悲欢离合”:sorrow(悲), joy(欢),part(离),meet(合)。

“阴晴圆缺”:bright(晴), dim(阴),wax(圆), wane(缺)

对,这里顺便补充一下:wax做动词时表示“月圆”,而 wane做动词时表示“月缺”。

这些词的选择确实也十分精准。

另外,许老在“and she may wax or wane”,使用了“she”,巧妙地完成了对月亮的拟人化,也为后句“the beauty she displays”埋下伏笔。

“此事古难全”,译得很直白:There has been nothing perfect since the olden days.(自古以来,就没什么是完美的)。

“但愿人长久”,也被译得很直白:So let us wish that man will live long as he can!

来看“千里共婵娟”,Though miles apart, we'll share the beauty she displays.(虽然相隔千里,我们仍然能共享她所呈现的美丽)。

因为前面许老把 moon比作 she了,所以读者看到这句的 she,就能明白指的是月亮,也确实翻译出了原文中的“婵娟”。

再来看林语堂的译文:

But rare is perfect happiness--

The moon does wax, the moon does wane,

And so men meet and say goodbye.

I only pray our life be long,

And our souls together heavenward fly!

总体感觉,相比许渊冲,林语堂的译文更简洁,更少地忠于原文,更多地自我发挥…

你看第一句先说了结论“此事古难全”:but rare is perfect happiness

还用了倒装句,原序为 perfect happiness is rare(完满的幸福是罕见的),理解他倒装的原因是为了强调“难全”(rare)。

“月有阴晴圆缺”,被译为 The moon does wax, the moon does wane。

“人有悲欢离合”,被译为 And so men meet and say goodbye。

总觉得这里译得比较仓促,不如许老的选词准确、全面。

“但愿人长久”,I only pray our life be long,“我只祈祷我们的生命能长长久久”,这句还是比较符合原文含义。

但“千里共婵娟”的译文:And our souls together heavenward fly!字面含义为“我们的精神一起翱翔于天际”。

这里的 heavenward,拆开是 heaven(天)+ward(朝向),heavenward fly就是“朝天上飞”。

林语堂这里似乎对“共婵娟”提出了自己的理解:

他认为明月是一个介质,把相关远隔千里的人们联系在一起,彼此的精神可以一起遨游于天际。

总而言之,许老的翻译更严谨、更对仗、更忠于原文,而林语堂的翻译更简洁,但也个人发挥的程度更大。

你认为谁的译文更好呢?

许渊冲版英译水调歌头

How long will the full moon appear?

Wine cup in hand, I ask the sky.

I do not know what time of the year

It would be tonight in the palace on high.

Riding the wind, there I would fly,

Yet I'm afraid the crystalline palace would be

Too high and cold for me.

I rise and dance, with my shadow I play.

On high as on earth, would it be as gay?

The moon goes round the mansions red

Through gauze―draped window soft to shed

Her light upon the sleepless bed.

Why then when people part, is the oft full and bright?

Men have sorrow and joy; they part or meet again;

The moon is bright or dim and she may wax or wane.

There has been nothing perfect since the olden days.

So let us wish that man

Will live long as he can!

Though miles apart, we'll share the beauty she displays.

林语堂版水调歌头

How rare the moon, so round and clear!

明月几时有? With cup in hand, I ask of the blue sky,

把酒问青天。

What name this festive night goes by?

今夕是何年?

I want to fly home, riding the air,

我欲乘风归去,

But fear the ethereal cold up there,

The jade and crystal mansions are so high!

惟恐琼楼玉宇,

高处不胜寒。

Dancing to my shadow,

起舞弄清影,

I feel no longer the mortal tie.何似在人间?

She rounds the vermilion tower,

转朱阁,

Stoops to silk-pad doors,低绮户,

Shines on those who sleepless lie.照无眠。

Why does she, bearing us no grudge,

Shine upon our parting, reunion deny?

不应有恨、何事长向别时圆?

But rare is perfect happiness——

The moon does wax, the moon does wane,

And so men meet and say goodbye.

人有悲欢离合,

月有阴晴圆缺,

I only pray our life be long,

And our souls together heavenward fly!

此事古难全。

但愿人长久,

千里共蝉娟。

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